Constructivism -style direction in the visual arts, architecture, photography and decorative art that developed in the early 1920s. Construtivism is characterized by rigor geometrizm, concise and monolithic appearance. In 1924 was created the official creative organization Constructivists - OCA, whose representatives have developed a so-called functional design method based on a scientific analysis of the functioning of buildings, urban complexes.
它的发展被称为对现代性固有的花卉图案的自然反应,这种图案很快就厌倦了他的同时代人的想象力,并引起了人们寻找新的欲望。
现代性的危机很快就出现了,在本世纪的第一十年结束时,开始取代新风格:建构主义。欧洲建筑和艺术产业中这种新运动的核心是适当的美学,被认为是理性的,严格的功利形式,剥皮的装饰艺术。
住宅建筑开始被视为“单一形式”,不容忍任何装饰。从设计师的想象力产生的形式到“必要的”,“真”或“纯”形式,开发朝着完整的“物质性”。建构主义是奇特的美学权宜之计,理性严格是功利主义形式,剥落的装饰浪漫现代主义。
家具是简单,严格,方便的。分配给每个主题的功能非常明确。没有资产阶级奢侈品。当事物,椅子,床,橱柜 - 只是坐着的对象时,简单性就可以简化这种简化。
在第一次世界大战之后,家具中的建构主义在建筑师的权威上获得了重要的立场,其开拓性建筑有时是用于示范实验的室内装饰和家具。与以前的风格(例如巴洛克式和帝国)相比,建构主义强调了缺乏灰泥装饰。广泛使用的嵌入式利基照明。建构主义风格的家具有所不同。内部的建构主义风格非常简洁明了,但没有不可预测性和充满活力的艺术决策。
All things designed by constructivists - furniture and interiors in general - different maximum functionality and minimal decor. Ornament absent in them completely, allowed color accents - shine of metal, noble black, pure white and vibrant simple colors - red, yellow, blue. These colors are considered to reflect the philosophical andspiritual values of the era.However, hard rational calculation faltered. In an effort to expose the essence of constructive things, the designers finally made it of little use from a practical point of view.